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Ethics: Opinions

The NSBA provides a tremendous resource of legal opinions regarding ethics issues. Please use the navigation and links below to assist you in your education or research needs.

A-B C D-F G-P R-Z
  • Advertising
  • Aiding the Unathorized Practice of Law
  • Attorney as Witness
  • Attorney-Client Relationship
  • Auctions
  • Bar Associations
  • Business Activity by Attorney
  • Business Relationships
  • Child Support Enforcement
  • Chinese Wall
  • Collections
  • Communication with Adverse Party
  • Confidences of Client
  • Conflict of Interest
  • Court Appointed Attorney
  • Defense Attorney
  • Delegation of Tasks
  • Educational Activity
  • Escrow Agent
  • Estate
  • Estate Planning & Business Relationships
  • Ethic Violation
  • Evidence
  • Fees
  • Files
  • Firm Name
  • Group Legal Services
  • Imposed Billing Guidelines
  • Judge
  • Law Firm
  • Legal Aid Services
  • Letterhead
  • Limited Liability Company
  • Nonprofit Ogranizations
  • Of Counsel
  • Office Sharing
  • Outside Auditing Partnership
  • Patent Attorney
    Perjury
  • Public Defender
  • Referral
  • Selling Of Law Practice
  • Solicitation Of Business
  • Specialization
  • Suspension
  • Trust Funds
  • Unauthorized Practice Of Law
  • Will
  •          

    A-B  

    Advertising

    Advertising by
    • Attorney-Abstractor

    72-11

    • attorney - bank president
    • attorney engaged in other business
    • attorney - insurance agent
    • attorney sponsoring a community activity
    • Bar Association's Public Relations Committee
    • Legal Aid Society
    Advertising of
    • attorney's attendance at seminar
    • attorney's legal research practice
    • partnership personnel changes
    • licensed in Nebraska
    • partnership name with local variations
    • announcement of new office
    • announcement of availability to other attorney
    • article by attorney in lay publication
    • brochure
    • Bar Association pamphlets
    78-7 (rescinded in part) 89-6
    • direct mail advertising
    • interviews with news media
    • newsletter sent by lawyer or law firm must state "This is an advertisement"
    • signs
    • signs in office sharing arrangement
    • home number of attorney
    • listing in an internet-based lawyer directory
    • listing in yellow pages by geographical area
    • listing in yellow pages by categorized areas
    • use of "canned" newsletter
     

    Aiding the Unathorized Practice of Law

    • salaried attorney - employee of a corporation preparing legal documents for the corporations's customers

    • non - lawyers may not, through a "900" number telephone service, provide legal advice to the public. Attorneys may not encourage such an enterprise
     

    Attorney As Witness

    • withdrawal may be necessary if called on behalf of client
     

    Attorney-Client Relationship

    • government attorneys represent the state when performing child support enforcement duties
     

    AUCTIONS

    • attorney may donate legal services for sale at auction
    92-4 (rescinded), 06-11
     

    BAR ASSOCIATIONS

    • advertising by Bar's Public Relations Committee
    • advertising by Bar of attendance at seminars
    • advertising on Bar Association pamphlets
    78-7 (rescinded in part) 89-6
    • Advisory Committee function of,
    • local bar association's pro-bono work at College Campus
     

    BUSINESS ACTIVITY BY AN ATTORNEY

    • in general
    • bank president
    • bid at estate auction when P.R. is client
    • certified public accountant
    • collection agency
    • contractual obligations in business  
    • insurance agent
    • insurance investigation and adjustment business
    • legal educational consultation company
    • lobbying service with nonlawyer partner
    • real estate broker
    • sale of income tax business by attorney
    • sharing office space (see office sharing in this index)
    • sport commodity marketing
       
    BUSINESS RELATIONSHIPS  
    contractually and financially associated with a business
    • close familial relationships affecting professional judgment


    C

    CHILD SUPPORT ENFORCEMENT

    • government attorneys represent the state when performing child support enformcement duties
     

    CHINESE WALL

    • insufficient to avoid appearance of impropriety and may not be used to avoid disqualification
    • may not be used by public defender to challenge competency of prior public defender
    public defender accepting employment as deputy county attorney
    93-2 (rescinded by) 94-4
    • sometimes permissible for spouse defense attorney to        
    work for different agencies
     

    COLLECTIONS:

    • attorney operating or managing collection agency
    • demand by attorney for judgment creditor for excess over amount garnished
    • demand to opposing party without consent of counsel
    • interest charged by attorney on client accounts
     

    COMMUNICATION WITH ADVERSE PARTY:

    • improper to contact governing board or administrative officials of public institution is represented by counsel
    • plaintiff's counsel interviewing present or former employees of defendant corporation
    • whether an attorney may tape record a telephone conversation or an in-person communication with a non-client without disclosing the fact that the communication is being recorded
     

    CONFIDENCES OF CLIENT:

    • delivery of physical evidence to County Attorney in criminal case
    • disclosure to court that client is not indigent
    • disclosure of confidences of historical significance
    • representing a client against previous client
    • revealing attorney-client communications of a mentally incompetent client
    • revealing client's intention to commit a crime
    • revealing whereabouts of former client
     

    CONFLICT OF INTEREST:

    • in general
    • attorney - bank president
    • representation of adverse parties by office sharers
    • bright line rule
    • Chinese Wall may not be used by public defenders to chanllenge competency of prior public defender
    • attorney taking employment as a staff attorney for the standing chapter 13 bankruptcy trustee is the attorney is properly screened from all cases involving the attorney's former clients and the clients of the attorney's former law firm
    •Chinese Wall or cone of silence is insufficient to
    avoid appearance of impropriety and may not be used to avoid disqualification
    • duties to former clients

    city attorney

    • in general
    74-5 (amended by) 86-1

    represents

    • civil rights litigant
    • client against former city-employer
    • county as deputy county attorney
    • criminal defendant
    72-13, 74-2, 74-5 (amended by) 86-1, 75-7, 86-1
    • criminal defendant by court appointment

    county attorney

    • also board member of legal services

    prosecutes

    • officer of client corporation
    • second cousin with whom there has been no social or business contact
    • relative is a police officer
    • relative is Department of Social Service social worker
    • relative represents criminal defendant

    represents

    • in appeal on valuation of personal property
    • city as deputy city attorney
    • client in child custody dispute after bringing action to establish paternity
    • client in inheritance tax determination
    • client in liquor revocation proceeding
    • client in state torts claim action
    • collection agency
    • in condemnation proceedings
    75-3 (rescinded in part by) 04-1
    • criminal defendant
    • in criminal nonsupport against husband where previously represented wife
    • in disconnected civil proceeding
    • in dissolution of marriage
    71-2 (amended), 74-1, 74-12
    • in personal injury auto accident
    • other governmental subdivisions

    witness

    county attorney should not participate in prosecution of trial in which he will

    • be a witness

    county attorney association director

    • in general

    dissolution of marriage action

    • county attorneys
    71-2 (amended), 74-1, 74-12, 76-15

    representation of husband in dissolution precludes subsequent representation of wife

    • in manslaughter case where husband is victim

    representation of wife in dissolution does

    • of third party in alienation of affections suit
    government officials
    • special conflicts of interest for former and current government officers and employees
    guardian ad litem
    • accepts appointment as guardian ad litem in one county while as part time deputy county attorney in another county

    guardianship

    • by original petitioner to remove guardian
    • hiring lawyers or other staff from a firm representing an adverse party

    insurance

    company attorney may not be retained by insured's attorney to assist in drafting

    • insured's estate plan
    • investigator/adjuster business operated by attorney
    • judge cannot act as income tax preparer

    legal aid board of directors member may represent clients with interests adverse to clients

    • represented by legal aid
    • married attorneys
    • office sharer

    partners

    • one partner is county attorney/other partner represents criminal defendant
    • against partner
    • public defender accepting employment as deputy county attorney
    93-2 (rescinded by), 94-4
    • public defender represents two defendants with conflicting interests
    • public defender alleging that prior public defender was ineffective
    87-6, 90-1

    public officials

    • attorney who serves on County Board representing criminal defendants
    • attorneys with legislative duties have certain restrictions on practice
    • police officer who is also attorney cannot represent criminal defendants
    • borrower
    • attorney serves on city council and members of the firm may appear before council if attorney recuses him- or herself

    attorney rendering title opinion may in some circumstances represent party in

    • subsequent foreclosure
    • attorney representing P.R. may not bid at estate auction
    • correcting title for seller after examining title for savings and loan association
    • attorney may not accept employment with corporation

    relative

    • closely related attorneys representing adverse interests
    • business contact
    • one city council member/other court appointed defender
    • one county attorney/other represents criminal defendant
    • one county attorney/other Department of Social Services social worker

    represent

    • bank to sue former client corporation
    • client against nonprofit organization when member thereof
    • client with multiple-personality disorder
    • criminal defendant after receipt of adverse physical evidence from third party
    • criminal defendant when spouse works for the sheriff
    • deputy county attorney in divorce while opposing here in Juvenile Court proceedings
    • estate where executor is bank of which lawyer is officer
    • subsequent client against former client
    • technical college board where partner is elected board member
    • secretary formerly with competing firm
    73-14 (limited by), 94-4

    spouse

    • one city council member/other court appointed defender
    • spouses representing adverse interests
    judge's spouse's law firm or office in front of that judge
    • spouse defense attorneys working for different agencies      
      01-2

    witness

    • obligation to withdraw if attorney is to be a witness
     

    COURT-APPOINTED ATTORNEY:

    • may not reveal to court that client is not indigent if information is privileged
    • should withdraw only for compelling reasons

     

    D-F

    DEFENSE ATTORNEY:

    • communication with police officer

    • representing client with multiple-personality disorder

    91-2

    • representing criminal defendant when spouse works for the sheriff

    92-2

    • should withdraw from court appointment only for compelling reasons

    87-3

     

    DELEGATION OF TASKS:

    • to credit bureau client

    73-4

     

    EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITY:

    • attorney forming partnership with legal educational consultation company

    78-10

    seminar

    • attorney's participation in

    75-11 (withdrawn), 04-2

    • news release regarding

    75-14, 80-2

     

    ESCROW AGENT:

    • attorney may act as escrow agent with consent of all parties

    87-4

     

    ESTATE:

    • attorney representing P.R. may not bid at auction

    80-5

    attorney witnessing a will should not represent either

    • party in will contest

    69-2

     

    ETHIC VIOLATION:

    • duty to report

    89-4

     
    ESTATE PLANNING & BUSINESS RELATIONSHIPS
    • can a practicing attorney be come contractually and financially associated with a business
     

    EVIDENCE:

    obligation of defense attorney to deliver physical evidence received from third party to

    • county attorney

    80-1, 87-1

     

    FEES:

    • asserting a lien on a former client's child support judgment as means on collecting outstanding legal fees

    • compensation as both P.R. and attorney for estate

    81-5

    contingent fee

    • in paternity case

    76-10

    • in unpaid child support/alimony case

    78-8

    credit card

    • advanced fees may be paid by credit card

    95-4

    • payment by

    72-2 (rescinded in part), 75-1, 77-2 (rescinded), 81-2 (modified by), 94-3 and 95-4

    division of fee with lay person

    • real estate planner

    73-6

    • trade exchange operated by lay person is improper

    79-4

    • known to others

    81-13

    • interest charged by attorney

    75-1, 77-4, 81-2, 86-3

    • mortgage on home involved in dissolution of marriage action is improper

    76-16

    • purchase of installment accounts and credit agreements from lawyers

    94-3

    • responsibility for payment of other attorney's fees

    79-7

    • deposited in general account

    79-3

    • when a client elects to settle for an amount less than what the attorney believes is reasonable

    95-1

     

    FILES:

    • destruction of client files

    88-3

    • providing files upon client's request

    01-3

     
     

    FIRM NAME:

    impropriety of lawyers holding themselves out as partners when that is not true is not

    • removed by use of "not a partnership"

    80-10

    • law firm name may vary according to location

    77-3

    • partnership name including names of attorneys not licensed in Nebraska

    78-4